Early adversity and sexual diversity: the importance of self-reported and neurobiological sexual reward sensitivity.

Work shows that sexually-diverse individuals face high rates of early life adversity and in turn increased engagement in behavioral outcomes traditionally associated with adversity, such as sexual risk taking. Recent theoretical work suggests that these associations may be attributable to heightened sexual reward sensitivity among adversity-exposed women. We aimed to test these claims using a combination of self-report and EEG measures to test the relationship between early adversity, sexual reward sensitivity (both self-reported and EEG measured) and sexual risk taking in a sexually diverse sample of cis-gender women (N = 208) (Mage = 27.17, SD = 6.36). Results showed that childhood SES predicted self-reported sexual reward sensitivity which in turn predicted numbers of male and female sexual partners. In contrast we found that perceived childhood unpredictability predicted neurobiological sexual reward sensitivity as measured by EEG which in turn predicted male sexual partner number. The results presented here provide support for the notion that heightened sexual reward sensitivity may be a pathway through which early life adversity augments future sexual behavior, and underscores the importance of including greater attention to the dynamics of pleasure and reward in sexual health promotion.

Genetic insights into the dissolution of dioecy in diploid persimmon Diospyros oleifera Cheng.

BACKGROUND: Dioecy, a sexual system of single-sexual (gynoecious/androecious) individuals, is rare in flowering plants. This rarity may be a result of the frequent transition from dioecy into systems with co-sexual individuals. RESULTS: In this study, co-sexual expression (monoecy and hermaphroditic development), previously thought to be polyploid-specific in Diospyros species, was identified in the diploid D. oleifeara historically. We characterized potential genetic mechanisms that underlie the dissolution of dioecy to monoecy and andro(gyno)monoecy, based on multiscale genome-wide investigations of 150 accessions of Diospyros oleifera. We found all co-sexual plants, including monoecious and andro(gyno)monoecious individuals, possessed the male determinant gene OGI, implying the presence of genetic factors controlling gynoecia development in genetically male D. oleifera. Importantly, discrepancies in the OGI/MeGI module were found in diploid monoecious D. oleifera compared with polyploid monoecious D. kaki, including no Kali insertion on the promoter of OGI, no different abundance of smRNAs targeting MeGI (a counterpart of OGI), and no different expression of MeGI between female and male floral buds. On the contrary, in both single- and co-sexual plants, female function was expressed in the presence of a genome-wide decrease in methylation levels, along with sexually distinct regulatory networks of smRNAs and their targets. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a genomic region and a DUF247 gene cluster strongly associated with the monoecious phenotype and several regions that may contribute to andromonoecy. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings demonstrate stable breakdown of the dioecious system in D. oleifera, presumably also a result of genomic features of the Y-linked region.

UN ETEROCLITO BABUINO: On Giordano Bruno's Candelaio and the Infinitization of the Sexes.

Giordano Bruno (Nola 1548 - Rome 1600) published in 1582 Candelaio, a comedy that anticipates the core arguments he developed in the six dialogs written in volgare during the philosopher's stay in England (1583-1585). In the comedy, the term candelaio (candlebearer) is deployed not only as a trope for light and illumination, but also as a slang designation for sodomite. Thus, sexual dissident Bonifacio, the tragicomic personage to which the title refers, brings to light the mostly unavowed or denigrated, albeit ineradicable complexities of every sexual individuality. In this framework, the personality, lifestyle, and views of disruptive Bonifacio/Candelaio serve as narrative support for a critical stance aiming at undoing the validity claims of the man/woman dichotomy. At the antipodes of the finitization of sexuality fostered by Christian creationism, Bruno's sexual approach is framed within a conception of "natura naturante," the all-pervasive, inexhaustible and animating power, which enables the emergence of utterly diversified beings throughout the infinitude of the existing worlds. Having dismantled the epistemic pretentions of sexual binarity and its possible closed supplementations, Bruno effectively frees Bonifacio's sexual heteroclisis from the stigma of unnaturalness. Notwithstanding the trailblazing traits of Bruno's sexual thought and its ontological framework, Brunian scholarship to the present has ignored that the philosopher from Nola posed the arguably most profound and consistent challenge to binary sexuality and its finite suppletions in pre-Darwinian Modernity. In view of the critiques of patriarchy and anti-feminism that began to develop at the turn to the twentieth century, it is striking that no systematic effort has been undertaken to relate Bruno's principled reversion of the form/matter hierarchy to his advocacy for the axiological restauration of femaleness in the masculinist-centered culture of the West. In accordance with Bruno's explicit design to "turn upside down the reversed world," his philosophy seeks to reveal the endless profusion of sexual forms not as creations of an omnipotent paternal figure, but as emergences from an inexhaustible source, which he signally terms "the maternal womb of Nature."

"As a psychiatry resident I am invited to explore my identity. But when I accept that invitation, I still encounter a wall." A qualitative study on inclusion experienced by psychiatry residents with a migration background, sexual minority identity and/or working-class background.

Diversity in terms of class, sexual identity and migration background among medical students in high income countries has increased greatly in recent decades. Some research into the experiences of these new groups of doctors has been performed. However, no previous research into the experiences of psychiatry residents specifically, is known. This qualitative study investigates how psychiatry residents, from these minoritized groups, experience their training regarding inclusion. Inclusion is defined as the degree to which one's needs for connection and for being valued in one's uniqueness, is satisfied. In-depth interviews with 16 psychiatry residents were conducted. These interviews were transcribed and coded using MaxQDA software. Initial themes that were constructed, were explored further in subsequent interviews and linked to literature. Finally, the developed themes were ordered in a model conceptualizing inclusion. Participants reported high belongingness within psychiatry training. Their experienced value in uniqueness, however, was generally quite low. Participants reported to experience little interest in and sensitivity for their perspectives and lived experiences from their co-workers. When faced with stigmatization and discrimination, participants reported lack of support from their colleagues. Assimilation was found to be the most frequently used coping strategy in dealing with diversity. Participants seemed to conform to the 'neutral' norm and experienced barriers in expressing themselves. Through this mechanism of assimilation, the added value that participants might bring with their unique knowledge and lived experiences was not used, both in patient care and in creating an inclusive climate within the organization. Moreover, assimilation is associated with psychological strain.

Social Reactions and Trauma Symptoms Among Gender and Sexual Minority Students Disclosing Sexual Violence.

Addressing the higher rates of sexual violence experienced by gender and sexual minority students in university contexts requires an understanding of responses to disclosures of sexual violence. Using data from a large-scale study of sexual violence in university contexts, the current study examined (1) whether gender and sexual minority status was associated with responses to sexual violence disclosure and (2) how disclosure responses were associated with trauma symptoms among these students. Linear regression indicated that university students' (n = 1,464) reports of responses to disclosures of sexual violence did not differ across gender or sexual minority status. Focusing on gender and sexual minority participants (n = 327), linear regression linked turning against the victim and positive responses to higher levels of trauma symptoms.

"Classifying D/s Profiles Without Prior Assumptions: An Application of Cluster Analysis to Social Data".

Dominant/submissive role-play (D/s) is associated with specialized roles including Mistress, Master, Slave, Switch, Sadist, and Masochist. The current study uses cluster analysis to provide empirical evidence that no binary opposition or single spectrum constitutes a workable typology of individuals based on their affinities for these roles. The optimality of a particular choice of clustering scheme, including the number of clusters, is established using a replication technique which is presented in detail. A large number (n = 236,353) of individualized results (profiles) generated by the BDSM Test, a popular anonymous web survey, were analyzed. We hypothesize a two-dimensional typology of D/s profiles as the inferential result of our cluster analyses.

Sexual diversity on college campuses: using a BDSM framework to discuss consent.

Sexual assault in higher education is a continuing concern. At the same time, college students are engaging in a range of consensual sexual behaviors that could appear to be sexual violence. Sexuality education on college campuses should address the spectrum of sexual behaviors and college health professionals and administrators need to be able to distinguish consensual rough sex from sexual violence. Common consent negotiations in BDSM (bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, sadism and masochism) contexts may serve as an appropriate model for acquiring consent. This viewpoint article aims to (1) review the increased participation of college students in diverse sexual behaviors, and (2) introduce the consent process of BDSM as a framework for college health professionals to discuss consent for other sexual behaviors.

Conclusiones de las XI Jornadas del Grupo Avilés sobre Medicina del Deporte 3 y 4 de Octubre de 2022 (Barcelona) / Conclusões da XI Conferência do Grupo Aviles de Medicina Esportiva, 3 e 4 de outubro de 2022 (Barcelona) / Conclusions of the XI Conference of the Aviles Group on Sports Medicine, October 3 and 4, 2022 (Barcelona)

El Grupo de Trabajo Avilés fue impulsado por el Consejo Superior de Deportes en 2009 y está formado por representantes de los Centros de Medicina dela Educación Física y el Deporte de todas las comunidades autónomas que cuentan con estas infraestructuras y representantes de centros de medicinadel deporte de centros de tecnificación, centros municipales de medicina del deporte y la Agencia Española de Protección de la Salud en el Deporte. Comoobjetivos de este grupo de trabajo figuran la coordinación entre estas estructuras autonómicas de la medicina del deporte, el planteamiento de solucionescomunes a las diferentes problemáticas que sufren cada uno de los centros y el ser un grupo de asesoramiento, en los diferentes ámbitos de la medicinade la educación física y el deporte, para el Consejo Superior de Deportes.Este grupo de trabajo se reúne periódicamente; en su última reunión, celebrada en Barcelona el 3 y 4 de octubre de 2022, se acordaron una serie deconclusiones, en relación a la muerte súbita y las arritmias en el deporte, el SARS Cov-2, la prevención, la salud mental, la diversidad sexual y laespecialidad MIR.(AU)

The Avilés Working Group was promoted by the National Sports Council in 2009 and is made up of representatives of Physical Education and SportsMedicine Centers of all the autonomous communities that have these infrastructures, Sports Technification Centers, municipal Sports Medicine Centersand the Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport. The objectives of this working group include the coordination between these autonomousstructures of Sports Medicine, the proposal of common solutions to the different problems suffered by each of the centers and to be an advisory group inthe different areas of the Physical Education and Sports Medicine, for the National Sports Council.This working group meets periodically; at its last online meeting, held in Barcelona on October 3-4, 2022, a series of conclusions were agreed in relationto sudden death and arrytmias in sport, SARS Cov-2, prevention, mental health, sexual diversity and the MIR specialty.(AU)

O grupo de Trabalho Avilés foi incentivado pelo Conselho Superior de Esportes em 2009. É composto por representantes dos Centros de Medicina daEducação Física e Esporte de todas as comunidades autônomas que contam com estas infraestruturas, bem como representantes dos centros de medicinado esporte de centros técnicos, centros municipais de medicina do esporte e da Agencia Espanhola de Proteção da saúde no Esporte. Como objetivos detrabalho desde grupo, figuram a coordenação entre estas estruturas autonômicas da medicina do esporte, a criação de soluções comuns as diferentesproblemáticas que sofrem cada um dos centros, além de ser um grupo de assessoramento, nos diferentes âmbitos da medicina da educação física e doesporte, para o Conselho Superior de Esportes.Este grupo de trabalho se reúne periodicamente; Em sua última reunião, realizada em Barcelona de 3 e 4 de outubro de 2022, foi acordada uma série deconclusões em relação à morte súbita e arritmias no esporte, SARS Cov-2, prevenção, saúde mental, diversidade sexual e especialidade MIR.(AU)

Perspectiva pedagógica de la diversidad sexual en centros educacionales deportivos / Perspectiva pedagógica sobre a diversidade sexual nos centros de educação esportiva / Pedagogical perspective of sexual diversity in sports educational centers

RESUMEN Introducción: Los seres humanos han aprendido a vivir con la diversidad existente en el mundo, a entenderla y hasta actuar de acuerdo con ella. Sin embargo, todavía cuesta un poco de trabajo razonar sobre aquellas diferencias que tienen que ver con las personas. Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo elaborar acciones educativas encaminadas a mejorar el rendimiento deportivo del equipo femenino de softbol de la Eide "Orestes Acosta" de Santiago de Cuba. Materiales y métodos: A partir del diagnóstico aplicado a una muestra de 27 atletas del equipo y la observación científica, se pudo conocer dificultades con la aceptación de la diversidad sexual en entrenamientos, competencias y otras actividades deportivas afines. Para la realización de este estudio, se aplicaron métodos, técnicas e instrumentos para el diagnóstico del abordaje de la diversidad sexual como: encuesta, entrevista, test de valoración de grupo (interrelaciones deseadas). Resultados: Algunos de los resultados obtenidos y la propuesta para su solución quedan expresados en las acciones docente-educativas elaboradas para la preparación de entrenadores, profesores y deportistas acerca de la diversidad sexual en atletas femeninas de softbol que propiciaron el rendimiento deportivo y docente de estas atletas, al tiempo que mejoraron sus relaciones interpersonales. Conclusiones: Al abarcar la problemática de la sexualidad en el deporte, se intenta abrir un espacio de reflexión sobre esta temática, no solo para aquellas personas interesadas en cuestiones de género y diversidad sexual, sino también y, principalmente, para las personas vinculadas al deporte y la actividad física. Se ha creado este espacio puesto que se considera fundamental desmitificar algunas nociones construidas socialmente y, al mismo tiempo, se busca abrir el juego para que se produzcan debates, intercambios y modificaciones en las conductas de exclusión y discriminación en el ámbito deportivo.

SÍNTESE Introdução: Os seres humanos aprenderam a viver com a diversidade existente no mundo, a compreendê-la e até mesmo a agir sobre ela. No entanto, ainda é um pouco difícil raciocinar sobre essas diferenças que têm a ver com as pessoas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo era elaborar ações educacionais destinadas a melhorar o desempenho esportivo da equipe feminina de softball do Eide "Orestes Acosta", em Santiago de Cuba. Materiais e métodos: Com base no diagnóstico aplicado a uma amostra de 27 atletas da equipe e observação científica, foi possível identificar dificuldades com a aceitação da diversidade sexual em treinamentos, competições e outras atividades esportivas relacionadas. Para a realização deste estudo, foram aplicados métodos, técnicas e instrumentos para o diagnóstico da abordagem da diversidade sexual, tais como: pesquisa, entrevista, teste de avaliação em grupo (inter-relações desejadas). Resultados: Alguns dos resultados obtidos e a proposta para sua solução são expressos nas ações ensino-educativas elaboradas para a preparação de treinadores, professores e atletas sobre diversidade sexual em atletas de softball feminino que favoreceram o desempenho esportivo e pedagógico dessas atletas, melhorando ao mesmo tempo suas relações interpessoais. Conclusões: Ao cobrir a questão da sexualidade no esporte, tenta-se abrir um espaço de reflexão sobre este tema, não apenas para aqueles interessados nas questões de gênero e diversidade sexual, mas também e principalmente para as pessoas ligadas ao esporte e à atividade física. Este espaço foi criado porque é considerado essencial para desmistificar algumas noções construídas socialmente e, ao mesmo tempo, procura abrir o jogo para debates, trocas e mudanças nos comportamentos de exclusão e discriminação no campo do esporte.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Human beings have learned to live with the diversity that exists in the world, to understand it and even act in accordance with it. However, it still takes a bit of work to reason about those differences that have to do with people. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop educational actions aimed at improving the sports performance of the women's softball team of the " Orestes Acosta" Eide in Santiago de Cuba. Materials and methods: From the diagnosis applied to a sample of 27 team athletes and scientific observation, it was possible to discover difficulties with the acceptance of sexual diversity in training, competitions and other related sports activities. To carry out this study, methods, techniques and instruments were applied for the diagnosis of the approach to sexual diversity such as: survey, interview, group assessment test (desired interrelationships). Results: Some of the results obtained and the proposal for their solution are expressed in the teaching-educational actions developed for the preparation of coaches, teachers and athletes about sexual diversity in female softball athletes that fostered the sports and teaching performance of these athletes, while improving their interpersonal relationships. Conclusions: By covering the problem of sexuality in sport, it is tried to open a space for reflection on this subject, not only for those people interested in gender and sexual diversity issues, but also and, mainly, for people linked to sport and physical activity. This space has been created since it is considered fundamental to demystify some socially constructed notions and, at the same time, it seeks to open the game so that debates, exchanges and modifications in exclusion and discrimination behaviors in the sports field can take place.

Actitudes y vivencias sobre la diversidad sexual de profesionales de salud de la zona centro-sur de Chile / Attitudes and experiences about sexual diversity of health professionals in the central-south zone of Chile

Resumen Antecedentes: Les profesionales de salud establecen una relación con personas LGBTIQA+ desde sus propios significados que se manifiestan en actitudes negativas o positivas en cada encuentro con estas personas. Objetivo: Describir las actitudes hacia la diversidad sexual de profesionales de salud del centro-sur de Chile. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado en cinco ciudades del centro-sur de Chile. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y grupos de discusión a 41 profesionales, en su mayoría de género femenino y matronas. Se realizó un análisis fenomenológico para la descripción de las actitudes y vivencias asociadas con la diversidad sexual. La validez de los datos se aseguró a través de la auditoría durante el proceso investigativo y la triangulación de analistas. Resultados: Les profesionales de la salud entrevistades usan definiciones basadas en el conocimiento popular y la cultura predominante para estructurar sus vivencias personales y profesionales hacia la diversidad sexual. Conclusiones: Las vivencias tienen en común una percepción favorable en el recambio generacional, motivación al aprendizaje de competencias culturales que valoricen la diversidad sexual y una baja o nula formación profesional; en este sentido, el rol del Estado y de las universidades es muy importante en la formación inicial y continua en este tema.

Abstract Background: Health professionals establish a relationship with LGBTIQA+ users from their own meanings that are manifested in negative or positive attitudes in each encounter with them. Objective: To describe the attitudes towards sexual diversity of health professionals in South-Central Chile. Method: Qualitative study conducted in five cities in Central-Southern Chile. In depth interviews and discussion groups were conducted with 41 professionals, mostly women and midwives. A phenomenological analysis was carried out to describe the attitudes and experiences associated with sexual diversity. The validity of the data was ensured through the audit during the research process and the triangulation of analysts. Results: The health professionals interviewed use definitions based on popular knowledge and predominant culture to structure their personal and professional experiences of sexual diversity. Conclusions: The experiences have a favorable perception of generational change in common, motivation to learn cultural competences that value sexual diversity and low or no professional training; in the sense, the role of the State and universities play an important role in the initial and continuous training on this issue

Same but Different? Comparing Attitudes Regarding Gender, Gender Diversity, and Sexual Diversity Among Early Adolescents in South Africa and Belgium.

PURPOSE: This study aims to compare low socioeconomic status, urban early adolescents' (EAs) attitudes toward gender, gender diversity and sexual diversity in two contexts with similar progressive legal frameworks for gender equality and nondiscrimination, South Africa and Belgium, to understand the ways in which adolescents modify or conform to prevailing attitudes. METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional design and sampled 1,102 and 569 EAs (between 11 and 15 years old) in Belgium and South Africa respectively. Quantitative data were collected using tablets. Sample characteristics and gender attitude scales are described and compared in the two countries, and between boys and girls within each country. Comparisons are conducted on the mean score for the 5-point Likert scale items on the gender attitude scales. RESULTS: Girls in both countries expressed more tolerant attitudes toward same-sex romantic relationships and experienced more gender diverse emotional attraction and physical attraction to same-sex individuals than boys. Generally, boys endorsed more heteronormative relationship norms and other stereotypical attitudes than girls. Conversely, girls tended to embrace sexual double standards more than boys. South African EAs exhibited more sexual diversity but less tolerant attitudes toward gender and gender diversity. Belgian EAs, especially girls, tended to exhibit more tolerant attitudes toward diversity in gender identity. DISCUSSION: There were important differences in attitudes toward gender, gender diversity, and sexual diversity among EAs, despite the countries' similar progressive legislative frameworks. In the future, sociocultural and other determinants of EAs' attitudes should be further explored at different levels from the individual to the societal.

Gender-Related Aspects in Osteoarthritis Development and Progression: A Review.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease treated mostly symptomatically before approaching its definitive treatment, joint arthroplasty. The rapidly growing prevalence of OA highlights the urgent need for a more efficient treatment strategy and boosts research into the mechanisms of OA incidence and progression. As a multifactorial disease, many aspects have been investigated as contributors to OA onset and progression. Differences in gender appear to play a role in the natural history of the disease, since female sex is known to increase the susceptibility to its development. The aim of the present review is to investigate the cues associated with gender by analyzing various hormonal, anatomical, molecular, and biomechanical parameters, as well as their differences between sexes. Our findings reveal the possible implications of gender in OA onset and progression and provide evidence for gaps in the current state of art, thus suggesting future research directions.

Recommendations from LGBTQ+ adults for increased inclusion within physical activity: a qualitative content analysis.

For decades, physical activity contexts have been inherently exclusionary toward LGBTQ+ participation through their perpetuation of practices and systems that support sexuality- and gender-based discrimination. Progress toward LGBTQ+ inclusivity within physical activity has been severely limited by a lack of actionable and practical suggestions. The purpose of this study was to garner an extensive account of suggestions for inclusivity from LGBTQ+ adults. Using an online cross-sectional survey, LGBTQ+ adults (N = 766) were asked the following open-ended question, "in what ways do you think physical activity could be altered to be more inclusive of LGBTQ+ participation?" The resulting texts were coded using inductive qualitative content analysis. All coding was subject to critical peer review. Participants' suggestions have been organized and presented under two overarching points of improvement: (a) creation of safe(r) spaces and (b) challenging the gender binary. Participants (n = 558; 72.8%) outlined several components integral to the creation and maintenance of safe(r) spaces such as: (i) LGBTQ+ memberships, (ii) inclusivity training for fitness facility staff, (iii) informative advertisement of LGBTQ+ inclusion, (iv) antidiscrimination policies, and (v) diverse representation. Suggestions for challenging the gender binary (n = 483; 63.1%) called for the creation of single stalls or gender-neutral locker rooms, as well as for the questioning of gender-based stereotypes and binary divisions of gender within physical activity (e.g., using skill level and experience to divide sports teams as opposed to gender). The findings of this study represent a multitude of practical suggestions for LGBTQ+ inclusivity that can be applied to a myriad of physical activity contexts.

Physical activity contexts have a long history of being exclusionary toward people who identify as LGBTQ+. To better understand how to improve physical activity contexts, LGBTQ+ adults were asked, "in what ways do you think physical activity could be altered to be more inclusive of LGBTQ+ participation?" using an online survey. From the 766 responses collected, 72.8% detailed approaches to create safer spaces for LGBTQ+ participation, such as: clearly advertising if the space is LGBTQ+ friendly, the creation of LGBTQ+-only classes (specifically beginner courses) or times, creating LGBTQ+ exclusive gym spaces, comprehensive antidiscrimination policies, and LGBTQ+ sensitivity staff training. Additionally, 63.1% of responses provided suggestions to better support gender diverse participation through either the addition of single changing stalls or the creation of gender-neutral locker rooms, as well as through the reorganization of sport from gender categories (men vs. women) to categories based on age or experience. Respondents also recommended that common gender-based stereotypes should be questioned and eventually debunked.

Culture clash: responses to sexual diversity in residential aged care.

This paper explores attitudes of staff, residents and family members towards sexually diverse persons based on data from the first national study of its kind in Aotearoa New Zealand. The study was a two-arm mixed-method cross-sectional study using a concurrent triangulation design. The quantitative arm included the results of 433 staff surveys related to knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and beliefs about sexuality, intimacy and ageing. The qualitative arm included interviews with 77 participants including staff, residents and family members. This paper focuses only on sexual diversity. A generational cultural effect was noted among all respondents; younger participants expressed the most open and accepting views of diversity. Residents were aware that they mostly held the views of their generation; nonetheless they also looked to staff to set the tone. Staff held varying views and felt that residents would be less accepting; some staff felt the issue of intimate relationships was not something they were willing to discuss at intake. Facilities will want to establish policies about sexuality and intimacy and communicate those policies and practices to staff, residents and family members. Facilities may also wish to consider specific educational events about sexual diversity for residents.

"There is LGBTQ Life Beyond the Big City": Discourses, Representations and Experiences in Two Medium-Sized Spanish Cities.

Whilst debates on sexual diversity in public space have been extensive, these have tended to focus on large cities as the environments within which to analyze sexual and gender diversity, gradually consolidating an intrinsic relationship between the LGBTQ experience and the big city. This emphasis has led to the LGBTQ experiences of small and medium-sized cities being overlooked, neglecting the complexity of the intersection between the urban and the sex-gender. Grounded on an original ethnographic work, this paper explores the experiences of LGBTQ people living in two medium-sized cities in Spain: Girona and Sabadell, to analyze the interrelationships between these cities and Barcelona as their main LGBTQ-friendly reference; and the perceptions of tolerance and hostility toward LGBTQ expressions in public spheres. The paper reveals that all cities are shaped by sexualized discourses and experiences, and argues that the experiences of LGBTQ people in medium-sized cities needs to be recognized to understand the influence of space in shaping the sex-gender experiences.

Sexual Consent Across Diverse Behaviors and Contexts: Gender Differences and Nonconsensual Sexual Experiences.

Sexual consent refers to people's internal willingness to engage in sexual activity with another person-as well as their external communication of that willingness. Internal and external sexual consent can vary by type of sexual behavior; however, previous research on sexual consent has primarily only assessed "typical" sexual behaviors such as genital touching, oral sex, and vaginal-penile sex without providing further context or acknowledging people's sexual diversity. Therefore, we provided an initial account of people's sexual consent-and lack thereof-for a broader array of sexual behaviors and contexts in which they occur. Using an online cross-sectional survey of participants in the United Kingdom and the United States (N = 658, 50.5% women), we examined event-level internal and external sexual consent for 20 sexual behaviors or contexts. Women reported significantly lower levels of sexual consent feelings than men for 12 of the 20 sexual behaviors and lower levels of active consent communication for 7 of them. Almost a third of participants (31.0%) had experienced at least one of the listed sexual behaviors against their will. Of those, participants on average reported nonconsensual experiences with 3.1 of the 20 types of sexual behavior listed, ranging from 1 to 11. More women reported at least one nonconsensual experience with one of the sexual behaviors assessed compared with men (47.9% versus 22.3%, respectively). We discussed several behavior-specific findings regarding sexual consent and the lack thereof. We also made recommendations for initiatives aimed at promoting healthy sexual consent practices: embrace sexual diversity, emphasize sexual agency, and encourage active consent communication.

A psicologia e a questão da diversidade sexual no Brasil: a Resolução CFP nº 1/99 / Psychology and the issue of sexual diversity in Brazil: Resolution CFP nº 1/99

Nesta tese indagamos acerca do lugar da psicologia no debate público sobre diversidade sexual no Brasil da atualidade. Através da análise de publicações, fontes documentais públicas e entrevistas, exploramos diversos modos em que o saber e autoridade da profissão de psicólogo são invocados para sustentar posicionamentos públicos sobre a questão homossexual no país. Nesse âmbito, destacamos a Resolução nº 1/99 do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), que estabelece normas de atuação para os psicólogos em relação à questão da orientação sexual. Há mais de vinte anos essa normativa é um marco na conquista dos direitos LGBTQIA+ no país. Para essa discussão, reconstruímos os debates que precederam as condições institucionais e o contexto de elaboração da Resolução. Os efeitos da mesma extrapolam o âmbito da regulação profissional da psicologia. A seguir, abordamos as trajetórias de figuras com diferentes perfis de atuação que ganharam notoriedade por atacar publicamente a Resolução, suscitando, desta maneira, polêmicas em torno da mesma. Em seguida, exploramos as frequentes contestações à Resolução CFP nº 1/99 que se deram na arena legislativa e o deslocamento dessas ofensivas para a arena da justiça e para a disputa pela condução dos Conselhos de Psicologia em 2019. A compreensão destes processos como cenas de uma controvérsia pública busca jogar luz sobre a disputa entre diferentes visões da diversidade sexual e de gênero, que transitam pela ciência, religião e política. Acreditamos que esta investigação contribua para expandir a compreensão da evolução, dos efeitos e dos desafios que se colocam à expansão de abordagens afirmativas da diversidade sexual e de gênero no campo da Psicologia.

In this thesis, we inquire about the place of psychology in the public debate on sexual diversity in Brazil today. Through the analysis of publications, public documentary sources, and interviews, we explore different ways in which the knowledge and authority of Psychology as a profession are invoked to support public positions on homosexuality as an issue in the country. In this context, we highlight Resolution 1/99 of the Federal Council of Psychology (CFP), that establishes standards of action for psychologists in relation to the issue of sexual orientation. For over decades, this regulation has been a milestone in the achievement of LGBTQIA+ rights in the country. For this discussion, we reconstructed the debates that preceded the institutional conditions and the context in which the Resolution was drafted. Its effects go beyond the regulation of professional psychology. Next, we address the trajectories of figures with different profiles of action who gained notoriety for publicly attacking the Resolution, thus raising controversies around it. Then, we explore the frequent challenges to Resolution CFP 1/99, that took place in the legislative arena, and the migration of these offensives to the arena of justice, and to the dispute for the presidence of the Psychology Councils in 2019. An understanding of these processes as scenes of a public controversy sheds light on the dispute between different visions of sexual and gender diversity, which transit through science, religion and politics.. This investigation expand the understanding of the evolution, effects and challenges facing the expansion of affirmative approaches to sexual and gender diversity in the field of Psychology.

O lugar (do) errado: discriminações contra lésbicas, gays e mulheres bissexuais no ensino médico / The wrong('s) place: discrimination against lesbians, gays, and bisexual women in medical education

Resumo Este artigo objetiva analisar a experiência de estudantes de Medicina que se identificam como lésbicas, gays e bissexuais dentro da corporação profissional da saúde de maior prestígio social na sociedade brasileira contemporânea, a Medicina. As categorias encontradas apontam que o curso de graduação apresenta um currículo oculto que opera na lógica dos excessos, com um ideário médico conservador, masculinista e heteronormativo. Pessoas da comunidade LGBTI+ são invisibilizadas, tanto em termos curriculares como nas relações sociais, em um processo de vigilância excessiva e constante dos estudantes para a adequação a um modelo que privilegia o homem heterossexual, enquanto os demais são considerados abjetos.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the experience of medical students who identify themselves as lesbians, gays, and bisexuals inside the professional health corporation of highest social prestige in contemporary Brazilian society, the Medicine. The categories found show that the undergraduate course has a hidden curriculum that operates in the logic of excesses, with a conservative, masculinist, and heteronormative medical model. People of the LGBTI+ community are made invisible, both in terms of curriculum and in social relations, in a process of excessive and constant surveillance of students to adapt to a model that privileges heterosexual men, whereas the rest are considered abject.

Faces da bifobia dentro (e fora) da comunidade LGBTQIAP+: reflexões a partir de narrativas de pessoas bissexuais / Faces of biphobia inside (and outside) the LGBTQIAP+ community: reflections from bisexual people's narratives / Rostros de bifobia dentro (y fuera) de la comunidad LGBTQIAP+: reflexiones desde las narrativas de personas bisexuales

Resumo: O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar as diferentes manifestações da bifobia, sobretudo no interior da comunidade LGBTQIAP+. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa com seis pessoas bissexuais, cujos relatos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que a bifobia se manifesta em aspectos como a hipersexualização de bissexuais e a pressão para que escolham uma orientação sexual "definitiva". Argumentamos que pessoas bissexuais enfrentam dificuldades para inserir-se na comunidade LGBTQIAP+, já que suas práticas afetivo/sexuais são consideradas pouco legítimas e suas experiências tendem a ser invalidadas. Esse contexto de exclusão agrava sentimentos como solidão e confusão identitária. Dessa forma, pessoas bissexuais estão sujeitas a uma dinâmica particular de violência que produz efeitos relevantes à sua saúde mental.

Abstract: The aim of this article is to investigate the different manifestations of biphobia, especially within the LGBTQIAP+ community. For this purpose, a survey was carried out with six bisexual people, whose reports were submitted to content analysis. The results show that biphobia manifests itself in aspects such as the hypersexualization of bisexuals and the pressure to choose a "definitive" sexual orientation. We argue that bisexual people face difficulties to be embraced by the LGBTQIAP+ community, as their affective/sexual practices are considered illegitimate and their experiences tend to be invalidated. This context of exclusion aggravates feelings such as loneliness and identity confusion. Thus, the bisexual people face a particular dynamic of violence that produces relevant effects on their mental health.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es investigar las diferentes manifestaciones de la bifobia, especialmente dentro de la comunidad LGBTQIAP+. Para eso, se realizó una investigación con seis personas bisexuales, cuyos relatos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que la bifobia se manifiesta en aspectos como la hipersexualización de los bisexuales y la presión para elegir una orientación sexual "definitiva". Argumentamos que las personas bisexuales enfrentan dificultades para ingresar a la comunidad LGBTQIAP+, ya que sus prácticas afectivo/sexuales son consideradas poco legítimas y sus vivencias tienden a ser invalidadas. Este contexto de exclusión agrava sentimientos como la soledad y la confusión de identidad. Así, la población bisexual y las personas bisexuales están sujetas a una particular dinámica de violencia que produce efectos relevantes en su salud mental.